Elizabeth Arden (1884 - 1966)

Florence Nightingale Graham, who went by the business name Elizabeth Arden, was a Canadian American businesswoman who founded what is now Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics empire in the United States. By 1929 she owned 150 upscale salons across the United States and Europe. Her 1000 products were found in the luxury market in 22 countries. She was the sole owner, and at the peak of her career, she was one of the wealthiest women in the world.

At the beginning of her career, she formulated the products that she then manufactured and sold.

Known for
Changing cosmetics industry to add science and to appeal to middle- and upper-class women

Find more
FBI dossier on Elizabeth Arden

Hope in a jar: The making of America's beauty culture (2011) by Kathy Peiss

War Paint (2004) by Lindy Woodhead

Works based on
War Paint, Broadway play